These Are some Guides To Design Your Interior Room Perfectly
Integrate engineering, architectural, and interior design
considerations to create a “seamless” interior. The structural,
electrical, and mechanical systems enhance the architectural
and interior design features and vice versa. The goal is to create
a fully integrated environment where the occupant loses sight of
“how” and “why” the facility works and simply enjoys being
there.
FUNCTION
Functional interior design ensures that each aspect of the
interior environment performs efficiently for the user. A good
working relationship between the user and designer will help
accomplish this goal. Each facility type presents unique
functional requirements that will ultimately affect the
selection of finish materials and furnishings. It is important for
the designer to investigate all aspects of these requirements
through the user.
DURABILITY
Durable designs and finishes help facilities pass the “test of
time.” The designer must be concerned with material
durability and wear as well as cost. Select quality materials and
products appropriate to the function and level of use. Extra
consideration must be given to products specified in heavy-use
areas and specific functional areas.
COST EFFECTIVENESS
All interior selections must reflect the “best buy” for the
Air Force in terms of aesthetic value and life-cycle costs.
Inexpensive, short-term solutions do not necessarily produce
cost savings over time.
MAINTAINABILITY
The use of easily maintained finishes is critical. While certain
finishes may provide excellent durability, the designer must
give serious consideration to maintenance and the effort
required to maintain the appeal of certain products. It is
critical to be familiar with finishes that wear well with low
maintenance requirements.
COMPATIBILITY
The designer must be familiar with the base’s architectural and
environmental compatibility plans to achieve a unified sense of
scale, tradition, and compatibility. The design team needs to
understand that occasionally conditions exist which may limit
the ability to meet the compatibility standards, especially when
dealing with historic buildings.
FLEXIBILITY
Flexible designs are essential to meet the dynamic requirements
of the AMC mission. While the primary function of each
facility must be the priority, the designer must keep in mind
that functions evolve, and facilities may require future
modifications. Flexibility within building systems will reduce
the amount of time and money required for future alterations.
Rapid technological advancements often demand upgraded
equipment, power, and communication requirements. These
advancements in technology should enhance, rather than
outpace, the usefulness of AMC facilities.
DESIGN
Facilities must meet as many “human” needs at as many levels
as possible, especially the need to feel good about one’s
surroundings. Work and living environments are increasingly
within the control of those who design and build them. In the
work place, the design team’s responsibility is to provide a
facility which fosters productivity and job satisfaction. Welldesigned
interiors can provide an environment that contributes
to achievement at work and enhances pleasure and relaxation
in recreational facilities.
CREATIVITY
Budget constraints place increased importance on design
creativity. Proper planning and research of innovative design
features will help the designer provide quality facility interiors
within restricted budgets.
TIMELESSNESS
A sense of timelessness in AMC facility design will extend the
life and usefulness of design projects. Structural expression,
suitability of materials, harmonious visual and tactile features,
and classic furnishings will always remain the foundation of
good design. The selection of trendy or dated finishes or
design features is contrary to AMC design philosophy. Interiors
should be creative but not extreme, reflect quality but not
opulence, and be capable of being updated without requiring
major changes to materials, spaces, or functions.
considerations to create a “seamless” interior. The structural,
electrical, and mechanical systems enhance the architectural
and interior design features and vice versa. The goal is to create
a fully integrated environment where the occupant loses sight of
“how” and “why” the facility works and simply enjoys being
there.
FUNCTION
Functional interior design ensures that each aspect of the
interior environment performs efficiently for the user. A good
working relationship between the user and designer will help
accomplish this goal. Each facility type presents unique
functional requirements that will ultimately affect the
selection of finish materials and furnishings. It is important for
the designer to investigate all aspects of these requirements
through the user.
DURABILITY
Durable designs and finishes help facilities pass the “test of
time.” The designer must be concerned with material
durability and wear as well as cost. Select quality materials and
products appropriate to the function and level of use. Extra
consideration must be given to products specified in heavy-use
areas and specific functional areas.
COST EFFECTIVENESS
All interior selections must reflect the “best buy” for the
Air Force in terms of aesthetic value and life-cycle costs.
Inexpensive, short-term solutions do not necessarily produce
cost savings over time.
MAINTAINABILITY
The use of easily maintained finishes is critical. While certain
finishes may provide excellent durability, the designer must
give serious consideration to maintenance and the effort
required to maintain the appeal of certain products. It is
critical to be familiar with finishes that wear well with low
maintenance requirements.
COMPATIBILITY
The designer must be familiar with the base’s architectural and
environmental compatibility plans to achieve a unified sense of
scale, tradition, and compatibility. The design team needs to
understand that occasionally conditions exist which may limit
the ability to meet the compatibility standards, especially when
dealing with historic buildings.
FLEXIBILITY
Flexible designs are essential to meet the dynamic requirements
of the AMC mission. While the primary function of each
facility must be the priority, the designer must keep in mind
that functions evolve, and facilities may require future
modifications. Flexibility within building systems will reduce
the amount of time and money required for future alterations.
Rapid technological advancements often demand upgraded
equipment, power, and communication requirements. These
advancements in technology should enhance, rather than
outpace, the usefulness of AMC facilities.
DESIGN
Facilities must meet as many “human” needs at as many levels
as possible, especially the need to feel good about one’s
surroundings. Work and living environments are increasingly
within the control of those who design and build them. In the
work place, the design team’s responsibility is to provide a
facility which fosters productivity and job satisfaction. Welldesigned
interiors can provide an environment that contributes
to achievement at work and enhances pleasure and relaxation
in recreational facilities.
CREATIVITY
Budget constraints place increased importance on design
creativity. Proper planning and research of innovative design
features will help the designer provide quality facility interiors
within restricted budgets.
TIMELESSNESS
A sense of timelessness in AMC facility design will extend the
life and usefulness of design projects. Structural expression,
suitability of materials, harmonious visual and tactile features,
and classic furnishings will always remain the foundation of
good design. The selection of trendy or dated finishes or
design features is contrary to AMC design philosophy. Interiors
should be creative but not extreme, reflect quality but not
opulence, and be capable of being updated without requiring
major changes to materials, spaces, or functions.
APPROACH AND How To EXECUTE
People relationships - Identify the relationships and
interactions of individuals within a group.
Status and function - Identify special requirements for
circulation, public/private space separation, VIP areas,
informal gathering spaces (coffee bars, break rooms, and
shared equipment space), and storage (filing, coats,
supplies, etc.). The occupant’s rank or position will
influence the square footage and selection of materials.
Equipment usage - Identify all equipment and its users
within each facility or each area of the facility.
Efficient use of space - Maximize the use of all spaces
for their functions.
Flexibility within the space - Recognize that future
modifications and function changes may require
adjustments within a space to accommodate staff size
changes and new technology.
Aesthetics and comfort - Create an atmosphere that
increases human comfort and efficiency (i.e., ergonomics)
in a pleasing way.
Architectural Design
Codes and regulations - Life safety and fire codes and
regulations must be followed in all designs.
◆ Identify all applicable codes early in a project to
minimize the need for reselections or rework.
◆ Be aware that codes apply to furnishings as well as
finishes.
◆ Ensure that all designs meet Uniform Federal
Accessibility Codes and comply with the Americans
with Disabilities Act.
Location influences - There may be site specific factors
which influence design solutions. It is the designer’s
responsibility to identify which factors need consideration
and determine the best method of addressing each. These
include, but are not limited to :
People relationships - Identify the relationships and
interactions of individuals within a group.
Status and function - Identify special requirements for
circulation, public/private space separation, VIP areas,
informal gathering spaces (coffee bars, break rooms, and
shared equipment space), and storage (filing, coats,
supplies, etc.). The occupant’s rank or position will
influence the square footage and selection of materials.
Equipment usage - Identify all equipment and its users
within each facility or each area of the facility.
Efficient use of space - Maximize the use of all spaces
for their functions.
Flexibility within the space - Recognize that future
modifications and function changes may require
adjustments within a space to accommodate staff size
changes and new technology.
Aesthetics and comfort - Create an atmosphere that
increases human comfort and efficiency (i.e., ergonomics)
in a pleasing way.
Architectural Design
Codes and regulations - Life safety and fire codes and
regulations must be followed in all designs.
◆ Identify all applicable codes early in a project to
minimize the need for reselections or rework.
◆ Be aware that codes apply to furnishings as well as
finishes.
◆ Ensure that all designs meet Uniform Federal
Accessibility Codes and comply with the Americans
with Disabilities Act.
Location influences - There may be site specific factors
which influence design solutions. It is the designer’s
responsibility to identify which factors need consideration
and determine the best method of addressing each. These
include, but are not limited to :
- Architectural compatibility with existing facilities - The local parameters determining a facility’s exterior features will affect the size and type of windows, the ceiling heights, and to an extent, the materials carried into lobbies, foyers, and other internal spaces. The designer must work with the project architect to ensure the complete coordination of interior and exterior designs for the best interest of the user and the function of the space.
- Historical preservation requirements - The National Historic Preservation Act requires federal agencies to consult with the State Historic Preservation Officer and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation reguarding proposed changes to properties listed on or eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. The Secretary of the Interior Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties provides guidelines for making sure that selections do not compromise a facility’s historic integrity.
- Cultural beliefs and customs - Many nationalities and religious groups attach significance to certain colors, patterns, and materials. Some are considered sacred, good influences, and prestigious, while others are considered taboo. For instance, most Western cultures consider black the color of mourning. Eastern/Oriental cultures associate white with mourning. Some Middle Eastern groups wear Provide for personalization of individual work areas. Some facilities may require multiuse spaces.
- Head coverings of patterns significant to their nationality or religion. Irish and Scottish family heritage is linked to certain colors and patterns of plaid. The designer must investigate any customs or cultural influences that might become protocol issues.
- Current mission - Often the mission of the user dictates certain design features. For example, sometimes windows are downsized or even eliminated. In these cases, designers need to emphasize other architectural elements and finishes to ensure a pleasant atmosphere for the users.
- Availability of materials and resources - Some materials are not readily available nor economically shipped to all locations. When designing a project for remote locations, consider cost and availability before specifying a product.
- Special climatic and/or maintenance problems - Sometimes the designer must take into account local climatic conditions when selecting materials and finishes. Special maintenance requirements must be identified when the following factors exist :
- Heavy snow or rain
- Very arid or humid climates
- Unusual soil conditions and sand
- High level of sun exposure
◆ Noise levels - Proper acoustical design depends on a
careful ratio of reflective to absorptive surfaces so that
excessive reverberation and disturbing sound intensity
levels can be eliminated. The type of noise disturbance
and function of the space will determine the adequate
level of sound control.
◆ Security requirements - The user must provide any
special security requirements that need to be included in
the project. The user must validate and provide
information from the appropriate agency, for example
the Security Police, before design begins. When dealing
with facilities that have special security needs, security
clearances might have to be obtained.
Light - Light and its effects on the environment are
critical to the interior design of a space. The quality and
placement of light sources are as important as light level in
obtaining the functional and the aesthetic intent of the
spatial design. Be aware of how the light source affects
space perception, finishes, colors, and textures when
making design decisions. The function of the room or
facility will influence the system type and amount of
lighting required.
Numerous studies have shown that natural light positively affects
both physical and mental health. In the work environment,
people tend to have more job satisfaction if they have some
contact with natural light through windows, skylights, and
atriums. The designer must work with the project architect
and the user to provide natural lighting in the most
functional, cost-effective manner. The interior designer
must be involved in the selection of artificial light fixtures
and sources to ensure :
◆ Functional compatibility
◆ Aesthetic compatibility
◆ Elimination of glare and color washout
◆ Assurance of color integrity of finish materials
◆ Flexibility in light control
◆ Adequate supplemental light for maintenance where
required
◆ Proper lamping (bulbs) per fixture based on life cycle
cost and replacement lamp availability
◆ Compliance with life safety codes
d. Proportion - Room dimensions should be appropriate for
the function. This is easier to accomplish in new facilities,
although many things can be done in renovation projects
to change the perceived size of a room or space without
actually changing its dimensions. Some of these are
discussed in the Color Concept section. The designer
must create a balance between a space and the furnishings
within it. The scale and mass of items placed within a space
greatly affect how that space is perceived. An interior
should be comfortable for the user without feeling crowded
or underfurnished.
Some security requirements can be easily incorporated in a design.
Furnishings within a space must also relate to each other in
a harmonious manner providing focus and balance for the
viewer.
Physical and Behavioral Requirements - Human comfort
and well-being are priority considerations. The minimum
physical environmental requirements include appropriate levels
of lighting, temperature, humidity, and background noise. Some
individual control of these levels is desirable. As with all aspects
of design, the function of the space will determine the desirable
amount of the user’s control, depending on individual or group
differences, the activities involved, and time spent within the
space. The designer must address the behavioral needs of the
occupants, including safety and security, privacy, personal space,
and visual/directional orientation.
Color Concept - Color preference is very personal, and
individual interpretation of color varies widely. However, the
true properties of color are constant. The designer must have
knowledge of these properties and their relationship to the
functional, spatial, and lighting aspects throughout the space.
The designer and the user must separate personal taste from
professional design. The following general guidance directs
attention to special areas of consideration when selecting
color schemes for AMC facilities.
Provide timeless color coordination that will be
attractive to the majority of people.
◆ Use neutral colors for permanent background finishes
(e.g., architectural materials—ceramic tiles, stone,
bathroom fixtures, panel fabrics etc.) to support a variety
of color schemes.
◆ Vary the intensity of color and create patterns to provide
visual relief from the monotony of neutral colors.
◆ Use accent colors for finishes that are subject to periodic
change (carpets, wallcoverings, upholstery, etc.), and to
create interest in focal points.
◆ Use pattern and texture to enhance visual interest.
◆ Provide small amounts of intense colors in graphics,
borders, accessories, and artwork for visual stimulation.
b. Use color to enhance the spatial qualities of an area.
◆ Use warm colors to make a room seem smaller, more
“human” in scale; warm colors appear to advance toward
the viewer.
◆ Use cool colors to make a room seem larger, and more
spacious; cool colors appear to recede from the viewer.
c. Change the perception of a room’s size without construction
by varying the placement of horizontal color breaks.
◆ When the ceiling is low, avoid drawing attention to the
ceiling line where it meets the wall. Do not use borders or
sharply contrasting colors.
◆ A chair rail will draw the viewer’s eye horizontally around
a space to make it appear wider.
d. Use fewer color breaks to make a room seem larger.
◆ Paint doors and frames to match the walls in small rooms.
◆ Avoid accent walls; keep wainscot and wall colors similar.
◆ Make walls a similar color to floor coverings.
e. Use patterns and textures to stimulate interest and tie
color schemes together.
◆ Select solids and small patterns that coordinate with a
larger pattern.
◆ Consider the size of an item when deciding whether it
should have a pattern and the size of the pattern to use.
◆ Vary the surface texture to add visual appeal in a onecolor
scheme, especially when the introduction of a new
color is not desirable. Textures affect the way an object
reflects light: smooth, shiny surfaces reflect more light
than rough dull surfaces. Also important is the facility
users’ reaction to textures: glossy surfaces are perceived
as cold, while softer, matte finishes are distinguished as
warm.
Material Selection - AMC encourages innovative and
creative use of finishes and furnishings. New products are always
being introduced on the market and often offer increased
performance and aesthetics to the product line. Continuing
education in product knowledge and research into product
development are essential when making finish and furnishing
selections. When making selections the designer should
consider :
Durability - The function of the space will determine
the degree of durability required. The aesthetics and how the
finish/material relate to the other design elements must also
be considered, as well as cost justification.
Maintenance - The use of easily maintained finishes is
critical. While certain finishes may provide excellent
durability, the designer also must give serious consideration
to maintenance requirements. The maintenance plans of
many facilities are minimal, so finishes that wear well and
are lower in maintenance requirements perform best.
Establishing a maintenance schedule is the user’s
responsibility, but designer input is essential. The designer
can assist by :
- Supplying manufacturer suggested maintenance information
- Emphasizing the importance of a regular maintenance schedule
- Indicating special products required for the maintenance program
Life cycle cost and appeal - The designer must consider
product performance and longevity of appeal, as well as
initial cost when making selections. If the appeal of a
surface or furniture item degrades, the user will want to
replace it prematurely. A product that keeps its appearance
and shape longer may be a better choice over time.
d. Product quality and performance - Numerous studies
show that quality does not necessarily have to cost more.
Quality products perform better and wear longer. Usually
these products are backed by manufacturers’ warranties to
assure the customer’s continued satisfaction after
installation is complete.
e. Environmental factors - Designers today must consider
the effects their selections have on the environment over
time.
Consider products that are made from recycled materials,
or are easily recycled.
Use patterns and textures to stimulate interest and tie color schemes together.
The use of durable and easily maintained finishes and furnishings extend the
appeal of a design.
Consider the use of flooring made from recycled products.
• Carpets made from recycled plastics
• Walk-off mats made from old tires
product performance and longevity of appeal, as well as
initial cost when making selections. If the appeal of a
surface or furniture item degrades, the user will want to
replace it prematurely. A product that keeps its appearance
and shape longer may be a better choice over time.
d. Product quality and performance - Numerous studies
show that quality does not necessarily have to cost more.
Quality products perform better and wear longer. Usually
these products are backed by manufacturers’ warranties to
assure the customer’s continued satisfaction after
installation is complete.
e. Environmental factors - Designers today must consider
the effects their selections have on the environment over
time.
Consider products that are made from recycled materials,
or are easily recycled.
Use patterns and textures to stimulate interest and tie color schemes together.
The use of durable and easily maintained finishes and furnishings extend the
appeal of a design.
Consider the use of flooring made from recycled products.
• Carpets made from recycled plastics
• Walk-off mats made from old tires
◆ Avoid the use of finishes, adhesives, or furnishings that
emit toxic fumes or pollutants during installation and
curing.
◆ Specify durable items that require less frequent
replacement.
• Loop pile carpet tile vs. cut pile broadloom in office
areas or heavy traffic areas.
areas or heavy traffic areas.
◆ Specify easily cleaned materials that do not require
special chemicals or cleaning solutions.
• Latex vs. oil-based paints
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